Lots of penetration tests with .22lr show its lethality at range.
Before ballistics gel, the US army used penetration of a 1 inch cured pine board as the standard minimum for acceptable lethality - roughly equivalent to the stopping power of your breast plate or forehead.
I've seen demos of standard velocity .22 (not even mini mags) being shot out of rifles and managing to punch clear through at distances of 400 yards or more. I've personally tested against 1&3/4" cured pine (a 2x8) at 100 yards, and everything, even .22 shorts, was able to punch through.
At one pint, .22 was widely considered the deadliest cop killing round in NA. Farmers, and rural folk in general, pretty much always had a .22 rifle propped up in easy reach for taking shots at coyotes and badgers etc., and a lot of police, showing up unannounced at night on rural properties, met an untimely end to the round when a startled farmer took a shot at what to them, was an un-announced stranger lurking around their property.