It has been mentioned that brass can be ruined in one shooting, by a heavy load. This is true, but the load would be MUCH heavier than you should load. The primer pocket would be enlarged, so it will not hold another primer.
Other than that , I don't think normal full power loadings will shorten brass life, as compared to using light loads. With a rifle, no experienced hand loader will size the case more than neccessary. When using them over and over in the same rifle thay need only be neck sized. Except, with neck sizing only, the case gradually expands and soon won't chamber. So, experienced loaders wil set the full length die to just slightly hit the shoulder, thus keeping it from "growing." Cases so treated will end their life by creating lengthwise cracks in the neck. These are not dangerous to shoot, but after cracking they won't hold the bullet.
With my 270 or 30-06, I will guess at about fifteen to twenty loadings.
I have reloaded and shot with, four different 44 magnum revolvers and two Marlin 44 rifles. As has been mentioned, they must be full length resized every time, but don't worry about it. I have never seen a calibre get as many reloadings as does the 44 mag.
Since 99.9% of my bullets have been cast, one must take great care in sizing cases. By this I mean for cast bullets the mouth of the case must be opened up a bit, so the bullet will go in, without shaving lead off of it, by using a third die. Set the die so a very minimum of belling occurs. Just enough to let the bullet go in.
These cases wear out by developing cracks in the neck, the same as bottle neck case. The cracks are short, starting at the mouth. Often they are first noticed when seating a bullet. The bullet will seat with less effort.
Hope this is of some help to you. H4831