Think of it like this... say you are designing a tank for the military. You have certain factors, all of which are desirable: heavy armor/high survivability, high speed, long range, powerful/long range gun, etc. Even if cost is not a factor (which it always is) you can't have everything. The design has to balance these factors in the way which (hopefully) best suits the user.
Rifles are the same way. You have various factors: accuracy, reliability, weight, barrel heating, rate of fire, etc. You can't have everything, so you have to strike a balance.
Hunting rifles generally have relatively skinny barrels, as they only need to be accurate for a few shots, after which weight (to carry around all day) becomes the priority. Sustained fire causes serious barrel heating issues, and thus a decrease in accuracy (usually vertical stringing).
Precision/tactical rifles generally have very heavy barrels. Barrel heating becomes much less of an issue, but they can weigh twice what a hunting rifle does... or more.
From my own firearms, I have these three all in .308:
Steyr Scout - very light and comfortable to carry. Can be comfortably fired standing, kneeling, etc. MOA accurate. Sustained fire is limited to about 5 rounds. After which the barrel needs to cool down completely or shots will string out vertically. As such, not the best range gun.
AI Arctic Warfare - half MOA accurate. Utterly reliable and built like a tank. Barrel heating is not really an issue in shooting range scenarios. However it weighs about 17lbs. Cannot be comfortably carried very far for very long. Cannot really be shot standing, kneeling or any unsupported position.
Steyr SSG 69 - Medium profile barrel. Light stock. Sort of a balance between the two. Probably a bit on the heavy side for hunting though.
Something like a Remington 700P will also be a balance between the two. You can use it to shoot small groups at the range, or take it hunting. AICS stocks are, at there essence, adding a big block of aluminim to your rifle and bolting your action to it. Great for accuracy, repeatability, but just dead weight to carry around for hunting.
Hope that helps a bit.