OK: I read and disagree with all of the methods above as none are going to give accurate measurements and if you can't get accurate measurements you might as well not do it at all.
Two ways to do this and the second is what you'll have to do if you don't have the Vee block in #1.
#1 use a 72 degree Vee block this will allow you to have contact with one land with your mike and two lands with the vee block. You measure over the land and to the bottom of the block then subtract the thickness of the block. You get the thickness of the block by measuring a .500 gage pin in the block to the bottom of the vee block. This will tell you the thickness of the block that is to be subtracted. This is the most accurate way depending on who made the Vee Block.
#2 Use a gage pin to measure the bore of the rifle. Then use calipers to measure the boolit over a land to a groove, directly across the diameter of the boolit.
If you have a .303 bore and you get .308 from the land to the groove then your rifling is .005 deep. Therefore your Groove dia. will be .313.
If you have a good muzzle and you know how to use the ID side of your calipers you can just measure the ID of the barrel, and you don't even need a slug.
Randy
Owner
Buchanan Precision Machine,,, Ex Millwright.