I would go along with this before a chamber problem. From the OPs post, this seems to be only happening on the second reload. To me that indicates he is setting his shoulders back to much and as the case expands to fill the chamber you have the original shoulder marks as well as the stretched out marks.
This is more helpful to OP than everyone speculating about chamber incompatibility.
OP:
1) Does this happen with factory ammo? If so, it's possible that the chamber in your rifle is defective
2) If not (1), can you verify that the once-fired brass does *not* have this ring before firing but *does* after? If so, it's possible that your FL die is adjusted wrong and you are setting the shoulder back too far.
Do you have a headspace gauge or have access to one? If so, take three cases:
a. one of your once-fired that has *not* been resized
b. a once-fired case that has been resized in your die
c. one of your twice-fired cases (with the ring) that has been fired in your rifle
..and check to see how far the shoulder is moving.
Alternatively, if you don't have the necessary gear, perhaps you can mail some samples to someone and they can have a look.
I'm a noob myself, but I have a good Lyman case gauge and the Hornady headspace gauge that's designed to measure this stuff. If you want to send me some samples, PM me and I'll have a look. Or maybe someone else here with more experience can make the same offer..
Beyond that, you could try resetting your resizing die and setting it up again, following the instructions carefully. (I'm actually a bit skeptical about that-- seems to me that it's way easier with a resizing die to fail to set the shoulder back far enough than it is to set it back too far. At least on my die, I have to screw it down until it makes contact with the shell holder and then turn it a little bit more to take out any slack. I'm not sure how I could adjust it to set the neck back too far, since the die can't possible have any travel past the point where it contacts with shell holder and the press handle cams over).