"Commercial vs. Military Standards
Ammunition manufactured to military standards can, depending on the cartridge, have identical or near-identical dimensions to a SAAMI commercial cartridge, like 223 Remington/5.56 x 45 mm NATO.
However, ammunition made to military standards can have higher pressure levels than their commercial counterparts, and the firearms designed to fire these military cartridges may have different construction and barrel geometry to handle these higher pressures. Similarly, surplus military firearms may have headspace dimensions that are within acceptable limits to a military standard but would be excessive for a SAAMI commercial cartridge (7.62 x 51 mm NATO/308 Winchester is one example).
Therefore, only use ammunition manufactured to military standards in firearms that are marked and chambered explicitly to accept that specific military cartridge. Failure to do so can result in serious injury or death to the user and/or bystanders, as well as damage to the firearm.
It is safe to shoot 223 Remington ammunition in a 5.56 military specification chamber. The firearm manufacturer can verify whether the chamber in your firearm meets that definition.
However, due to the sizeable number of "wildcat" or non-military specification 5.56 chamber geometries in existence, SAAMI recommends that you consult the firearm owner’s manual or contact the firearm manufacturer for further guidance as to whether your firearm can safely shoot 223 Remington ammunition.
However, it is not safe to shoot "5.56," "5.56 NATO," or "5.56 x 45 mm" ammunition in a barrel marked as being chambered in 223 Remington for a number of reasons. The main reason being that a barrel marked as chambered in 223 Remington will have a shorter throat into the rifling than a “5.56” barrel which may cause increased pressure if the "5.56" ammunition is fired in it. This can result in serious injury or death to the user and/or bystanders, as well as damage to the firearm." -SAAMI
https ://www.forsterproducts.com/pdf/brochures/nato1.pdf