Two of my Shiloh rifles are 50-70s, a Military Rifle (Farmingdale) and a current (B) carbine. I shoot the Lyman 515141/450 sized .510 with 65 grs of Goex FFg.
I bought the Meacham neck sizing die to aid in gripping the bullet, which gives the cases a slight bottle neck. I use Lyman dies and have brass by Star Line, BELL Bertram and DGW.
The late Dave Higginbotham(?) of Lone Star rifles recommended the calibre to me when I told him I wanted a calibre for hunting and Cowboy Action Shooting. He said that the same amount of lead and powder that would produce noticeable recoil in a 45-70 would produce less in a 50-70 of similar weight. He was right. Bigger bore = less pressure.
To date the my 50-70s have dropped two 400+ lb black bears and a six point Mule Deer. That was with the MR. The carbine is unblooded as yet but hits 28 oz. tomato cans off hand at 100m. I enjoy shooting Rapine 375 gr bullets from the carbine for even less recoil. Both the MR and carbine shoot well with 28 grs of 5744, hitting the same point of aim and the BP loads.
If you have an original, get a copy of Croft Barker's "The 50-70 Shooter's Handbook". He 'splains all the issues associated with the bore size and rates of twist. The Military Rifle has a 1x36" twist, the carbine 1x26" which will effectively stabilize 600 gr bullets if you enjoy having the snot beat out of you. It has a left hand rifling, the rifle a right hand twist. Don't ask me why the difference.