Our friendly Wikipedia also has some info on the 14.5mm round:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14.5x114mm
To continue with the aside about Russian/Soviet weapons.
There are two Soviet built MG's that fire the 12.7mm round, the DShK from WW2 and the more modern NSV. The DShK is found on mounted on older Soviet MBT's like the T54/55/62 and some of the older open topped BTR series. The NSV is found mounted on the newer models and some of the upgrade packages. Far as I know, both fit the same mounts and accept the same ammo in regards to cartridge and belt. Both are more or less equal to the M2HB we use.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DShK
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSV
The 14.5mm KPV is found in the "turret" of the BTR 60/70/80, the BRDM2 and the AA gun family known as the ZPU 1/2/4. It has other uses too, just like any good weapon. The 14.5mm round was (near as I can tell) first used in the PTRS as an anti-tank weapon. Later, a big a_s sight was applied to it to make it useful as a sniper rifle. I find it rather amusing that (according to Wikipedia..) the PTRS-41 was used as the model for the SKS later on..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTRS-41
*Disclaimer..* I'm not a particularly big fan of Wikipedia. For two reasons. One, we had a course go though about a year and a half ago, I heard a story about a guy and his buddies who had changed the information on one of the pages refering to a country on an oil platform in the North sea. Meaning, if you disagree with what is written, you can change it ( I know, you need an account etc, but it's a FREE account IIRC).
And two, about the same time as that, there was a big stink down in the US about one of the "verifiers". He claimed to be a professor of something important at a private college in the midwest that no one had ever heard of. Turns out, he was a High school graduate about to start his first year of college.