There are certain of the AI cartridges which can show a notable improvement in performance. Generally speaking, if the parent case features considerable taper and a very shallow shoulder angle (30/30, 250, 257,7x57 etc.), the improvement might be worthwhile. With other, more modern designs (308, 243, 223 etc.) any improvement might be difficult to demonstrate.
As a rule, I figure that if the parent case has sufficient capacity to utilize as much of a given powder as possible, there is little to be gained by increasing capacity. This is so unless you are able to increase capacity enough that you can perhaps go to a slower powder.
The 30/06AI is kind of a case in point. The 30/06 will yield about 2800fps with a 180 grain bullet with a top load of 4350. This load will be approaching 100% loading density. The capacity increase of theAI version (about5%) is not enough increase to allow the load to be increased enough to gain much in the way of velocity. The AI version may well be able to show an increase with the slightly slower 4831.
So, if this is so, why do the magnum cartridges enable higher velocities even when using the same 4350 powder? Simply because, in this instance, the capacity is substantially greater requiring that more powder, even if of the same burning rate, be used to get up to the same working pressure. Since there is more powder being used, there is more gas produced and the pressure is maintained for a greater length of time. The capacity difference with the AI cartridge is not great enough to have enough effect.
An interesting aspect of the 30/06AI, and one which I have pointed out before, is that Ackley made a mistake in his original drawings. Consequently, all 30/06AI reamers have been ground incorrectly from the start. When the chamber is cut to the correct headspace, the overall chamber length is too long by about .030". In other words, the neck on the reamer is too long. I discussed this with one reamer maker two or three years ago and he thought he might change his drawings and shorten the neck on subsequent reamers but wasn't sure since he was positive other makers would not be inclined to do so.
In the end, I might be tempted to build myself some of the AI's but would pass on most of them. The extra cost of dies outweighs any slight ballistic advantage IMO. Regards, Bill