S/A= Hammer has to be cocked manually (typical 1911 type). Has a lighter trigger pull (sorry I don't know the exact weight)
D/A= pulling the trigger will #### the hammer. By pulling the trigger further, it will fire the gun (think of a double action revolver. The hammer is down; by pulling the trigger, it will #### the hammer then fire). D/A's usually have heavy trigger pulls.
S/A,D/A. First shot can be shot double action, the following shots are in single action mode. (first shot, heavy trigger pull, follow ups are less trigger pull)
DAO-Double action only. Gun does not go into s/a
Hybrid (not sure, but I think it means that the frame and slide are made of two different materials. ie. Steel slide, aluminum frame).