We've got 200, 300, 500, and 800 berms open on our long range bay. It's our first year back on the long range in a while, so I can't say what typical engagement distances are for a typical match. It's unlikely we'll be asking competitors to shoot out to 800, but 200 and 300 would be likely.
Say you're shooting Rem UMC 223 55 grain ammo:
10" Barrel: 2489 fps
14" barrel: 2808 fps
16.5" barrel: 2968 fps
(sorry the lengths are a bit goofy, went off
this article for speeds)
Zeroed at 100, those barrels give the following drops (measured in yards)
10" barrel: -5.56" at 200, -23" at 300, -119" at 500
14" barrel: -3.69" at 200, -16" at 300, -88.5" at 500
16.5" barrel: -2.96" at 200, -14" at 300, -76.5" at 500
And Windage with a 10mph cross wind:
10": 8.8" at 200, 21.6" at 300, 69" at 500
14": 7.3" at 200, 18" at 300, 60" at 500
16.5": 6.7" at 200, 16.5" at 300, 55.6" at 500
I would say that a 14.5" barrel would be more forgiving, but that 300 is totally doable with good ammo in a 10" AR.