So called corrosive primers contain potassium chlorate; this results in deposits of potassium chloride after firing. Potassium chloride + atmospheric moisture can cause corrosion. Chlorate primers were used for a long time. It was phased out in some commercial ammunition in the '30s. Some Cdn. boxer primed .303 ammunition made during WW2 was noncorrosive; all US made M-1 carbine ammunition is NC. The first two production batches of US 7.62x51 National Match ammunition were corrosive primed.
It is best to assume that all older military ammunition is corrosive, and that just about all recent ComBloc is too.
Corrosive primed ammunition is not instant death to rifle barrels. Corrosion can occur, if proper cleaning is not done, particularly if there is high humidity. USGI bore cleaner was formulated to deal with the residual salts. Most modern bore cleaners are not. The salts are water soluble; flushing exposed parts with hot water is effective. The parts should be dried, cleaned normally, and oiled. Wipe out the bore and check it carefully for a few days afterwards.