Ultimately the important thing is getting a uniform burn rate and uniform velocities with whatever load you are using. In small cases such as the 38-55 it seems to me logical to use 3F but it is also logical to try 2 F and compare the results not for velocity but for accuracy. A great deal of the trick in long range shooting is in accurately knowing your sight settings and using an accurate load as opposed to getting the highest velocity possible.
I have a 38-55 trapdoor springfield but have only had time to fire a few shots with it. The 3F black loads seemed to be reasonably accurate as best I can recall. While the 55 refers to the load, it also applies to baloon head cases and at a guess you probably won't get more than 45 or 50 grains in a modern case depending how deeply you seat the bullet.
I would also suggest using soft bullets so they upset into the bore and spg or similar lube with black powder. If you are using the gun in cowboy type shooting it is also probably wise to pour some water down the barrel and then a pull a bronze brush through with a pull cord, every 10 shots or so to try to prevent or reduce leading.
cheers mooncoon