A method.
A bullet embedded with progressively finer grades of grit, is fired down the bore with moderate loads.
Plenty guys swear by it.
Tubb's is the best known supplier.
Me?, never yet tried it ... very interested to hear from those who have though.
I've done this. It really depends on every individual rifle.
Some barrels with frosted bores, not only shoot well enough for what they were designed for but aren't bad foulers either.
If you are going to firelap, the kits aren't really necessary. I use extremely fine, diamond grit lapping compound. It isn't cheap but one tube will do a couple of dozen rifles.
I find it works best for firearms that are used exclusively for lead bullets.
I have used it in 303 No4 and No1 rifles with good results. Especially those with dark bores. I've also polished up different types of Mauser bores and a few Mosin Nagant bores. Usually, half a dozen rounds is plenty.
As was mentioned, keep the pressures and velocities down. I load a few grains above minimum for most purposes other than with hand guns.
I only resort to this if a rifle or handgun I want to shoot will not shoot well or if the bores are extreme foulers.
Remember, when you shoot abrasives down a bore, you are polishing the bore, which removes small amounts of material with each shot.
If the problem isn't cleaned up after 10 shots, it isn't going to go away.