For reference purposes here is what US Army Tech Order11W13-1-6 on rebuild standards for small arms says about barrels. "Fine pits are allowed if they do not affect the sharpness of the lands materially. Pits are allowed in the chamber if they are not large enough to cause extraction difficulties. Barrels will be replaced if lands are worn to the extent that accuracy is affected or if pits are as wide as the lands or grooves. Allowable length of pits for M1 Garand and M1 Carbine barrels is 3/8 in."
Bore evaluation for pitting or "frosting" as some like to call it, is a very subjective thing. Muzzle and throat erosion gauges are an objective measurement, but classification of pitting is another thing. As pointed out, pitting will strip and accumulate jacket material and make cleaning more difficult. As far as raising chamber pressures are concerned, there is a requirement for specified diameter gauges to pass the length of the bore, whether it is pitted or not. If they pass excessive pressure is not a concern.