I have seen the same thing happen in a match, when a Garand spit out its genuine U.S. Navy chamber adapter. Guy shooting the rifle never noticed, kept on shooting. He only noticed something wrong when he was picking up his clips..... and saw all this straightened-out 7.62 brass.
Rifle just chugged along as if nothing had happened.
With HALF AN INCH of excess Headspace, one would think that rifle and shooter both should have been blown into orbit.
Such did not occur because the 7.62 NATO is a straighter casing than the .30-'06 (less taper); the chamber taper stops them going too far forward and then the extractor grabs them and the thing fires when the shooter tells it to. No problem, although extracting a chambered round can demand a good jerk.
Stencollector can confirm the tale of the match; he was there IIRC.
I have done the same thing in an SAFN-49 and I used a .30-'06 Mauser to straighten out a batch of brass I needed for a project. No trouble.