If the proper bolt disassembly tool (combination tool) is not available, a fired case can be hooked under the extractor, and used to depress the ejector, so that the extractor may be tapped out. This is an interlocking assembly - the extractor shank retains the ejector and its spring, while the extractor retains its own plunger and spring. A .30-06 case can be placed in the chamber of the barrelled action and the bolt closed against it, to hold the ejector compressed.
This disassembly is best done with improvised tools, over a shag rug, or in a cluttered basement with poor lighting.
It is really best to have the proper tool, and be very careful that nothing gets lost.