I actually ended up testing this wad a bit. I used original AA cases in one instance with 17.5 grains of Clays, Winchester 209 primer and 1 1/8 oz of shot. The second load I tried was in AAHS cases with 19.9 grains of Green Dot and Cheddite 209 primers. The loads shot well enough(23/25 and 22/25 at the 16 yard line), but I felt the recoil was severe. I actually felt the recoil was severe while I was shooting the rounds and I had a sore shoulder afterwards. There was no external sign of excessive pressure and I can shoot 100 of my 1 1/8 oz rounds at handicap ranges using 20.5 grains of Green Dot without pain. I think the wads seal very well because of the disk on the stem of the wad, but maybe the lack of 'give' in the wad because of its design makes for a sharper recoil. Don't know if I'll end up shooting off this wad or not. Must have been iron men back in the day...