I found that the nut under the barrel nut shown above with the screw driver had to be loosened first. the barrel nut bridges two separate threads, I think one on the upper and the other between the barrel nut and the barrel. Loosen or remove this one first and the barrel nut should come off easily. I had tried both the hammer/screwdriver AND a pipe wrench. both are ugly solutions and figured there must be a reason these threads are so tight. I think the nut under the barrel nut I think is the one that uses the 1-3/8 wrench.