Bluing is like a controlled rusting or corrosion of metal that is black, cold blue is like a mild acid and the coloring is a chemical process not a coating that you apply layers. I'd just leave it and not worry about it oiling as usual, but it you want it black again, you would first clean the shiny part with alcohol, and then just use a q-tip and rub on some of the bluing solution, it pretty much works instant and as soon as it colors the metal wipe it off and apply oil to neutralize the chemical process. If you want to go all out heat the part with a hair dryer first as warm steel will cold blue better.
To answer your other question polished metal is easier to keep from rusting because the pores are smaller than a rough metal, also if it does rust a bit it is more surface like and easier to remove because of the fewer pores for rust to get into.