There have been slight differences in the cut of the feed ramp on some frames, but the simple answer to your question is yes, any 1911 frame can accept any caliber upper.
The mags are specific to each caliber. While it's possible to load 9mm into a .38 super mag, and .40S&W into a 10mm mag, the shorter OAL in the longer mag can cause feeding issues.
The major issue with simply swapping top ends, outside of fitting the slide to the frame, is the ejector. On one multi caliber Norinco, I had the .45 slide milled to accept the .38 supe ejector, and had two slides and three barrels. I believe Gunnar thins the .45 ejector for the same effect with no slide milling.