Marlin ?
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It might be a question of action strength. The Marlin 336 locks up at the rear, and as such, is considered a bit of a "springy" action. Also, the expense of gunsmithing (opening the bolt face, etc.), and length (is the lifter long enough). There is the tubular magazine to contend with, limiting the bullets to a flatter point, thus negating a bit of ballistic advantage.
The 336 was designed with lower pressure cartridges, like the 30-30 and 35 Remington. The .358 and .356 was designed for much higher pressures......Winchester beefed up the locking shoulders on the Model 94 action, and probably changed the specifications for the steel in the receiver. You might consider the gas escape if a primer blows.
If you feel undergunned with the .35 Remington, then why not simply buy a rifle designed for the .358 cartridge? The Browning BLR is one, it is a front locking action, modern design, a magazine that can use spitzer bullets, and is capable of being loaded to a higher pressure safely.
It is false economy to think about chambering the 336 to a higher pressure cartridge just because you have the rifle available. You would have to keep the cartridge pressures lower to stay within the design limits of the action, thus any advantage you think you might gain would be a lot less. With the .358, you have 50,000 pounds per square inch of pressure just 6 inches in front of your nose, while you have only about 40,000 with the .35 Remington. This is about a 25% increase in pressure. Personally, I would not care to fire such a rifle as I am not certain that Blue Cross will cover a rifle bolt imbedded between my eyes.
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