On most rifles as the 700 Remington and Mausers the headspace is adjusted by cutting the chamber and trial fitting the barrel with headspace gauges. If it's too long, some of the shank and shoulder is moved back and the breech face refaced to allow the barrel to turn back a little farther until it's in spec. If it's too short, the chamber is cut deeper by the measured amount it is short with a chamber reamer. It's rather trial and error from there until it's perfect or close enough to it for your taste. Obviously this takes some equipement and knowledge. It's not difficult even for a newby, it just takes longer. I hope this explanation makes sense.