1) 7.62x51 would not burn everything very well in a 12" barrel. Should be lots of muzzle blast and flash if that bothers you. Going from a 24" barrel to a 16" results in about 200fps loss. You will probably lose close to that again going to a 12" barrel, so down to around 2200fps or so.
2) Those look like AR variants, so they would be restricted no matter what. If they are not, any semi-auto centerfire with a barrel shorter than 18.5" is restricted as well, so they would be restricted either way.
Mark