I have a Savage 10 PSR with an 18.5" barrel, this is my hunting gun as a shorter barrel keeps the weight better balanced and isn't as easily caught on trees and bushes.
I use Berger VLD's, Hornady AMAX and HPBT 168 grain bullets and achieve 2650-2700 fps which gets me to about 950 yards supersonic using Strelok. I have not had it out past 600 yards but routinely produce 1/2 MOA groups at 300 yards with my handloads.
Generally a shorter barrel is more rigid and can be more accurate but loses the ability to make the most out of all the powder.
There are some barrel length comparisons online that you can google to see the effects of different barrel lengths vs velocity. But a 20" vs a 24" you might lose about 100 fps as stated above, which really is of no concern.
If you are going to shoot factory ammo try a few brands and weights to find the most accurate for that rifle.
If accuracy is your main concern then hand load so you can select a projectile that suits your intended purpose and barrel twist and then find an accurate node. Obviously hand loading will be one of the best things you can do for accuracy as you can tailor the load for your gun as every gun is different. Finding an accurate node close to your maximum velocity for that gun will produce the best results, possibly not the fastest possible but accuracy is more important that just straight speed.
Accuracy can be finicky and can be affected by Many variables like barrel length, barrel profile, rifling, twist rate for a given projectile, stock being used, trigger, ammunition, bullet weight, cases, primers, powder etc.
I have not run the numbers on my 308 but sometimes bullet selection is more important at longer ranges than a few inches on a barrel and 100 fps. For instance my 6mm with Berger 105 hybrids at 3100 fps can get to 1450 yards vs New Sierra 110 grain at 3100 fps can get to 1800 yards (using a ballistics calculator). Wind drift at 1000 yards is 7.7" difference and at 1400 yards its 22". Choosing a bullet with a much higher BC goes a long way in regards to getting out further and being much less affected by the wind. And if you want to be accurate wind drift should be more your concern. Bullet drop can be calculated very accurately but wind drift is much more unknown, especially at distance, making a bullet that wicks the wind more useful than one that just goes fast.
I would say buy what you like and find ammo or load ammo to suit. But that's just my .02