They would be pretty short. I did try a piece of sized .454 brass in my Mossberg 510 and it locked up just fine. I will try some of my Speer shot capsule rounds through it tomorrow.
Yes you can use .444 and .303, that has been common for decades. I haven't heard much about .454 tho, I enjoy things that haven't been beaten to death. I'm just trying to figure out how to make a bunch of cheap but durable gas seals right now and I will continue testing.
What about 460 S+W brass? Probably too expensive initially, not sure.