Original US Ordnance spec for the .30 carbine round was announced on Oct 1, 1940 and included a "non-corrosive primer", but no mention of powder type. For the first lot of 50,000 rounds, they were delivered March 1941, and the propellant was IMR 4227, with N/C primers. A second lot of 50,000 was ordered June 1941, with Hercules 2400. Note these dates are well before the US entry into WW II.
A third lot of 300,000 rounds was ordered in November 1941, just before the Pearl Harbour attack. It had a Dupont powder, "similar in characteristics" to IMR 4227.
Experiments with corrosive primers were done in 1943, but basically proved corrosive to both barrel and gas post/chamber area, resulting in non-functioning of the semi-auto action.
No mention in this source about non-corrosive powders, but I think a good assumption is that is corrosive primers were not in the original spec, and were not acceptable during the research, then corrosive propellants were not considered or used.
(Source of info: War Baby II, by Larry Ruth 1993)