When you mount a scope, the rings can only be a certain maximum distance apart...that is, they have to fit between the front edge of the scope's rear bell and the rear edge of its front bell. If you want to put a scope on a rifle, and the bases on the rifle don't fit those parametres, you have to use extension rings. I THINK the "mounting length" is the maximum distance you can have between the rear edge of the rear ring. and the front edge of the front ring...but I'm sure someone will correct me if this is not correct, or if I've somehow screwed up the explanation.