Which one 308 or 30-06

you can argue both ways on this- however, unless you sit your bullets long, you're going to get the bullet sitting in the powder in anything over 180 grains- that's a proven- so that extra 12mm DOES make a difference- however, you can get 308s in 30-06 length actions- the factory typically puts a spacer in to take up the extra length- a true 308 action is generally shorter and possibly lighter
 
.308 Winchester hands down. I own both.

I know of nobody who shoots the 30-06 for accuracy. History has shown the .308 to be the more accurate of the two cartridges. The extra powder capacity of the 30-06 is a moot point.
 
I load and shoot both. MY 30-06's overall are more accurate than the 308's but this could just be a fluke as the results learned from a half dozen rifles do not constitute a definitive result.

I have concluded though, that the 30-06 is the better case for the heavy bullets while the 308 does better with the lighter ones - I talking jacketed bullets here.

With cast bullets, 308 is the better choice because of the smaller case capacity and the 7.62x39 does even better, if you go by what is used in the bench rest class cast bullet competitions.
 
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