The Eastern Wolf (
Canis lupus lycaon), a distinct form of the Grey Wolf, lives in southern Ontario and Quebec. The Eastern Wolf differs from other subspecies of Grey Wolf in Canada:
it is smaller, fawn-coloured with long black guard hairs on the back and sides, and the back of the ears are reddish. It is estimated that there are about 2,000 Eastern Wolves in Ontario and Quebec. Eastern Wolves live in groups called "packs," which typically number from 3-6 adults. Each pack has a home range that is loosely defended from neighbouring packs and may be as big as 500 km2. Eastern Wolves prey primarily on White-tailed Deer and Moose. A long-term study of wolves and moose on Isle Royale in Lake Superior showed that wolves kill mainly calves and very old adults weakened by injury and disease.
Status: Special Concern Provincially and Nationally
Range: The Eastern Wolf is found in Canada, from the Sault Ste. Marie area in Ontario to the Havre-Saint-Pierre region in Quebec. Historically, it is thought to have ranged from Nova Scotia west to Michigan, south to New York, Vermont and New Hampshire.
Range Maps
Threats: The Eastern Wolf has disappeared from all of southern Ontario largely as a result of forest clearance and farmland development, and the subsequent loss of habitat. Wolves live in packs and require relatively large areas of unbroken forest. Wolves can be hunted in Ontario year-round and it is estimated that hunters kill about 10% of the population annually in Ontario.
Protection: The wolf is classed as a furbearer under the
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act (1997) and there is a regulated hunting season in Ontario. Wolves cannot be hunted in some provincial parks and reserves that they inhabit, including Algonquin Park which represents the largest protected area for Eastern Wolf in North America. In 2001, a new regulation closed the hunting and trapping season for wolves in 39 townships adjacent to Algonquin Park. In effect until 2004, this measure affords additional protection for wolf packs with home ranges that extend outside park boundaries. The new regulation was in response to recommendations from the Algonquin Wolf Advisory Group (AWAG), which was set up to advise government on the management of wolves in the Park.
Text Sources:
Samson 2000; Van Zyll de Jong and Carbyn 1999
Last Modified Date: March 2008