There's certainly a lot of noise about what's "accurate".
The way I see it, there is no perfect solution for all distances and all wind conditions. In the end, it's a lot like golf. There's a perfect club for every shot.
Shooting is a game of balance in this regard.
Short range accuracy will be best achieved with short/light bullets from a slow twist barrel (slower than 1:14") and with very little powder.... Generally less than 30 grains. The reason is powder burn rate efficiency. For these light bullets you run fast burning/clean burning powders and not much of it. The powder to bullet weight ratio can be very high... meaning the powder can weigh almost as much as the bullet since the bullet is so light. The bullets are usually flat base and BC is all but meaningless. There are popular cartridges used for short range but what name you throw on the case is almost meaningless. The important thing is the (high) powder weight to (low) bullet weight ratio - relative to the caliber.
As you move out to long range it's all about bullet BC. You want the highest BC bullet that can be reliably stabilized in flight. High BC bullets are heavy. Barrel twist probably around 1:8", maybe faster. Some bullets have high BC but fly like crap, others just fly great all the time. The important thing is to push the round about 3000 FPS. Technically the faster the better, but reality sets in once you examine the trade offs. As you push heavy bullets faster, the powder burn rate must get correspondingly slower and there's a dead end. In this game you are looking for a round that holds about 1/3 in powder of the bullet weight, and you're running some of the heaviest bullets you can find for the caliber.
Having said that, there are guys who've won long range matches with a 6BR with a powder to bullet ratio of less that 1/4 of the bullet weight. This is a recipe to play on a calm day and I would say this (6BR) is one of the best over all compromises you can find. You can find the 6BR at 100 yard bench rest and at 1000 yard bench rest. The main difference is the throat length and barrel twist rate, and of coarse the choice of bullet. In this example though its not really the cartridge as much as how the rifle and cartridge load is configured.
On the other hand, for a long range wind buster round you gotta go big and fast with a high BC bullet and a fast twist barrel. You throw a 240 grain 30 cal bullet on top of a case that holds (1/3) 80 grains of powder around 1:9 twist rate and you will have a fantastic long range round for windy weather. Even if its not a 100 yard tack driver, this round will buck the wind so well that the 1 moa at 100 yards wont matter at 1200 yards. It will be very competitive. In windy conditions this round is "inherently accurate"
In the end its always a compromise.
