I did not know that the -06 was a reworked 7 x 57.
But I tend to have 2 go-to authors; Keith and Waters. Waters stated that a 250-3000 was formed from the -06...so I would call the -06 parent case. That would make the 7 x 57 the grandparent...?
Why do you think the 30-06 looks exactly like a slighty longer 7x57mm and they both have the same dimensions from the case shoulder back?
The Americans were very shocked and alarmed with their casualties in the first battle in Cuba against the Spanish forces their armed with 7x57mm M93 Mauser's and only beat the Spanish with sheer force of numbers of troops. After the war in 1899 they held a major investigation and decided to replace their recently adopted (1896, only 3 years earlier) .30-40R cartridge and Krag rifles with a US army owned Springfield Armoury design that was such a blatant copy of the Mauser rifle and cartridge that Mauser successfully sued the US government for patent infringement.
From a Wikipedia article -
"In October 1899, after reviewing the experiences of the
Spanish–American War, U.S. Army ordnance authorities developed a new loading for the .30 Army used in the Krag rifle, in an attempt to match the ballistics of the
7×57mm Mauser cartridge employed by Spanish forces in that conflict.
The new loading increased the muzzle velocity in the rifle version of the Krag to 2,200 ft/s (670 m/s) at 45,000 psi. However, once the new loading was issued, reports of cracked locking lugs on service Krags began to surface. In March 1900 the remaining stocks of this ammunition (some 3.5 million rounds) were returned to the arsenals, broken down, and reloaded back to the original 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s) specification.
In 1903, after recommendations from the infantry Small Arms Board, the U.S. Army formally adopted a higher-velocity .30-caliber replacement for the .30-40 or .30 Army cartridge. The new cartridge was designated by its year of adoption, the
.30-03."
.30-03 & .30-06 Springfield
"The Spanish-American War taught the U. S. War Department a valuable (albeit bloody) lesson about the merits of Mauser pattern bolt action rifles and the 7x57 cartridge. The result was the .30-03 Springfieldcartridge, basically an enlarged version of the 7x57 that was used by Spanish troops to wreak havoc on American soldiers."
.30-06 Dimensions
http://www.gundigest.com/ammunition...atest-cartridges-the-revolutionary-7mm-mauser