I start with about 20 rounds, taken from the low end of the reloading table. If the barrel has been shot before, I'll do less, maybe 10. Enough to foul the barrel, sight in the scope, get some rough dope out to 300m, and get a good feel for the rifle. Then I start with some ladder tests. I do two rounds of ladders, one with .3gr increments, and then re-test promising nodes with .1gr increments. I also do two rounds at each powder charge for the first ladder. More consuming in time and components, but I feel its worth it to make sure a flyer doesn't lead me astray. That way I've got an excellent idea of what the rifle likes, and with at least 50 rounds through, it is well broken in. Then I'll shot for groups, but by that stage it is merely confirmation and building a drop table.
Cleaning routine is based on performance; if groups open up or unexplained flyers appear, she gets cleaned. I don't think I've ever gone less than 300 rounds between cleanings. The powder you use also makes a difference. I use N150 in my 6.5x47, and that barrel simply does not get dirty. Varget and H4350, on the other hand, can leave a fair bit of residue after not a lot of rounds.