Actually, it has more to do with available light (exit pupil diameter) reaching/covering the entire diameter of the eye's pupil.
Of course quality of coatings,lenses,etc has a lot to with it, but there's a simple test that works with any variable scope regardless of quality or manufacturer; as you turn the zoom up, the image darkens, thanks to the exit pupil's diameter shrinking. So if you have a Schmidt & Bender Zenith 3-12x50, the image is still going to appear darker on 12x than a Leupold VX1 3-9x40 will be at 3x.
It's OK if people want to use a 50mm scope. Not everyone likes a gloss Leupold 1.5-4 in Weaver rings.![]()
Wellllll.....the Zenith (or any other 3-12x50) still has an exit pupil of 50/12 = 4.2mm at maximum magnification. The Leupold (or other) 3-9x40 with its 40/9 = 4.4mm exit pupil is only a wee bit larger. If I weren't so lazy, I'd be inclined to compare the two at twilight. A Leupold, for all its other benefits (and this isn't even Leupold's best effort), doesn't have the optical quality of a S&B, so I wouldn't be too surprised to find the S&B to be at least the equal if not the superior of the Leupold in low light. Higher magnification also tends to make the most of any given level of brightness so I tend to lean towards the S&B...
But enough of this logical deduction and analysis of hard cold facts...I wanna argue about parallax!!!
Edited to add: Almost forgot! The younger shooters in the crowd have more at stake here...at my age (59) my pupils can no longer open wide enough to gain any brightness advantage from an exit pupil larger than about 4mm at most. So as we weaken and shrivel and our ability to carry about heavy rifles diminishes, the incentive for adding weight in the form of larger objectives also begins to disappear as well...
Edited again: Ooops! Just noticed you were comparing the S&B at 12x with the Leupold at 3x; I now agree completely. Ignore this whole damned thing!

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