That'd be overkill for the deer in the yard here that let you walk to within ten feet - a .22 between the ear and eye would do the job.
You can kill a deer with anything. Some have more limitations than others. That's all the "debate" boils down to. Asking "can I shoot x with y" is really a meaningless question unless you specify under what conditions.
A .223 on deer? Yes and no. Yes for frontal, broadside, rear raking and head/neck shots at under 200 yards. No frontal raking shots or shoulder shots. Are there other choices that have fewer limitations and are better suited to more shot opportunities? Yes. Simple as that.
Will a .22 Hornet kill a deer? Of course. Of course it will. I'd it limited in range and shot placement? Of course.
No joke, the ideal deer calibre for my yard here would be a .22 short. Neighbours won't hear it and it'll do the job at the ranges you can get within. Only half jokingly I said my plan B this season was to train them to eat out of my hand, then shank one with a kitchen knife. Can you kill a deer with a kitchen knife? Sure, under certain conditions and with a lot of carrots.
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Yeah on the show Life Below Zero they do subsistence hunts where they shoot caribou in the head from a boat while they are swimming with what looks like .22lr. Lights out most of the time but you can see they need some follow ups sometimes. I am just messing around, stirring the pot. Of course you can kill large animals with a small caliber but not suggested for most to do it. Proper bullet placement and proper bullet construction are key.
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