I do not have 8x57 gauges on hand so I am going from what I found on Internet - appears that Forster GO gauge is 1.874", NOGO is 1.880" and FIELD is 1.8843". So, assuming that your GO gauge is a true SAAMI minimum, you are .005-.006 larger than GO, which is pretty much at NOGO. If you were installing a barrel, and if you have 75% or more bearing on both locking lugs, you would say you are good. There is still another .004" to go to FIELD length, so your set-up would not close on a FIELD gauge, again, assuming that your GO gauge is truly a perfect SAAMI minimum.
Many causes for backed out primers, but given your headspace measurements, I would be thinking you are shooting relatively mild loads - firing pin strike pushes case forward, brass is sealing and grabbing on chamber walls and the case head is not being pushed all the way back to bolt face, resulting in slight primer protrusion. You can prevent this by backing up your sizing die, then sizing fired cases one at a time, try in your chamber, turn in a bit more, etc. When you are close, the case will not chamber because squishing the circumference pushes the shoulder forward. Continuing to work down 1/8 turn at a time should get you to point where your sized brass just chambers snugly. No more protruding primers. The best gauge to use for setting your sizing die is your rifle's bolt and chamber. If you are loading for many rifle of same cartridge, follow the manufacturer's instructions for full length sizing and the cartridge will fit in any rifle that is in tolerance (and you may get protruding primers in some).