I know this doesn't address the internal cleaning the OP refers to but I feel any firearm should be wiped down on all visible metal parts after every use, acid from fingerprints attracts rust. ZHaving said that, it depends on the gun and how its used for me. Each of my 22's shoots differently and fouls differently. Bolt actions build much less heat in the barrel and need less cleaning. Dirty ammo leaves more crud behind. My kids had 2 PPS50 semi's that needed a major soak and cleaning after 200 rounds because heat buildups about 2" in front of the chamber would plug the barrel so a 177 rod would not go through. My STG44 however will run 500 rounds, still punch a nice tight hole (well, for what I can shoot anyway) and accumulates little grunge.
To clean .. one piece rod, patch soaked in WD40 after every (say 2-300 rounds). Bore cleaner (copper solvent) if issues arise. Qtip with 3 in 1 electric motor oil (high heat, light machine oil) in the action and toothpick to pick out noticeable grunge when doing the bore. Only ever take a rifle apart (using tools) if it doesn't work. Lube trigger each cleaning, only take apart if it doesn't work.