I'm new to handguns and am wondering if there is a differnece between the 10mm and the .40 cal s&w. Are they the same thing and are they interchangable?
Bullets are the same caliber and used in both rounds until you get past the 200 grain mark. Interchangeable in revolvers, yes; not interchangeable in semiautos unless you swap out barrels.
After long and extensive scientific investigation, it has been determined that at ranges approved for restricted firearms, the .40 S&W makes identically sized holes in targets with approximately the same ease as the 10mm.
For those shooters who insist on spending more money to make those holes, the 10mm offers a significant advantage. For those who want to feel more recoil - but not quite the manly man recoil of any S&W revolver from the .44 Magnum on up - it also offers a significant advantage over the .40 S&W.
An attempt has been made to poll bad guys about the condescending "short and weak" reference to the .40 S&W (invariably by those not belonging to any police force which actually carries the .40 S&W). Unfortunately, not enough survivors of police shootings could be found to give the study statistical relevance. Incidentally, the .40 S&W produces pretty much the same ballistics with a 135 grain bullet as the .357 Magnum with 125 grain bullets does - the so called "King of the Streets" load.
The 10mm will run a 200 grain WFN about 200 fps faster than the 1100 fps the same bullet will make out of the 40 S&W - about an 18% gain - so it is certainly a potentially preferable choice for those who have an ATC for protection against bears. On the other hand, if you do have an ATC and bears are uppermost in your mind, the 10mm as well as the 40 S&W is well behind on the power curve and much more powerful rounds are available
Both are excellent rounds. You just need to figure out what you want to suit your needs.