Close. Cast bullets can be used in 99% of modern firearms. They will need to be slowed down though. Gas checks increase the maximum pressure you can load a cast bullet to.
They help with three problems.
Normally, an (even ever so slightly) undersized bullet will allow gasses to pass around the bullet and the hot gasses erode the sides and base of the bullet. The lead vapour deposits on the barrel and that's what is known as 'leading'. The gas check acts like a plunger underneath and improves the seal.
Lead is also soft enough that if you load hotter than a particular pressure, the force is enough to deform the bullet and allow gasses past the bullet. This causes leading just as above. Since the gas check is much harder than lead, the pressure ceiling is increased and you can push cast bullets faster.
Third, no matter how good your lube is, cast bullets will always leave a lead residue on the bore. Gas checks 'wipe' the bore after the bullet passes and decrease the amount of cleaning needed.