I looked, and searched, and couldn't find an answer, so I'm now forced to ask what seems like a really stupid question myself-
what is the difference between standard, ACP and MAG ammunition? I understand that .3030WIN is a sized based on the original manufacturer, but I don't know what ACP or Magnum MEANS.
thanks
sheepishly,
AL
Okay, to be a little more helpful than my smart-alec last answer, you've already been told what ACP and magnum mean.
There are two ways to measure the diameter of a rifled bore: you can measure the smaller diameter from before the rifling grooves are cut (the old way) or you can measure the larger diameter at the bottom of the grooves (the new way). Bullets are made to the larger diameter since they must reach the bottom of the grooves or the expanding gasses will blow by and power will be lost. The grooves are cut deeper as calibre increases but let's take .30 for an example. At this calibre the rifling is normally .004 inches deep -- that means the outer diameter is .308 inches which is why the civilian version of NATO rounds are designated .308 while identical bullets are shot from 30-06 rifles. Also why British .303 bullets are actually .311 inches in diameter. At .22 calibre, grooves are only .002 inches deep so we get .224 ammunition. .224? Well, there was already a .224 cartridge when the new NATO round was introduced so they called it .223 to avoid confusion.
The 30-06 cartridge got its name because it was introduced in 1906 to replace the round-nosed 30-03. The 30-30 cartridge, on the other hand, is a 30 calibre design with 30 grains of propellant. As others have pointed out, it's all a guessing game.
Modern European specs are normally done by the actual cartridge diameter, say 7.62 mm, followed by the case length, say 51 for a NATO round or 54 for an old Soviet round. Hence 7.62x51 and 7.62x54R. The R specifies a Rim around the base of the cartridge to aid in extraction; rims were common on old designs for bolt action rifles but can cause problems with semi- and full automatics so a groove is cut around the base instead.
Even metric designations aren't always reliable. For example, pistol ammunition has been designed as 9x17, 9x18, 9x19 and several other 9 mms, but the 9x18 is a larger diameter than the others. On the other hand, 7.62x25 is exactly the same shape as 7.63x25 but much more powerful.
Then there are shotguns but let's leave that for another day.
