If you are using a scope, MOA may actually improve from a stiffer barrel, all other things being equal, so in other words chopping the same rifle back to 18.5 from 22. Otherwise,... every different rifle has it's own inherent accuracy abilities. If you are using the aperture sights these rifles were designed to fire over,..... the slight MOA accuracy gain from the shorter barrel may be lost and then some ,...from the shorter overall sight distance between front and rear sights. The longer the mesurement between your front and rear sights. the more accurately you can group. For extreme comparison, imagine a 2" barreled .38 revolver with a distance between the two sights of say 5", and a target rifle with a 28" barrel and a distance of say 34" between sights. You can see a sight error of .5 degrees means a much larger error on the target with the revolver.
As to velocity drop, my standard Nork M-14S chronographs 2804fps average @ 15 feet from muzzle using the Norinco 762X51 ammo. Considering the velocity requirement for 762NATO ball ammo measured at 25 meters, I'd say the Nork ball is bang on NATO velocity spec. I've never tried an 18.5" barrel with same loads. If I were to cut my barrel back to the shorty length, keeping all variables equal thus, I would expect a 40-45 fps drop, so that would mean a velocity @ 15feet from muzzle at between 2664 and 2646fps. Due to variances in chamber and barrel internal dimensions using the same loadings, they could stack in a shorties favour and make it chrony very close to a 22" barrel, or stack against it, and cause a 200 fps drop or more as noted by saskcop.
A chronograph is the authority, even if it if off a percent or two, it still gives relative data in real world side by side comparisons of shortened barrels.