You should familiarize yourself with several things associated with a lead waxed slug travveling down a bore that has hard residue like fine carbon and crushed glass. It basically mimics the same process as lapping. The residue is evenly applied around the bore from the firing process. Because the slug is perfectly conformed to the lands and grooves and always travelling in the same direction, it does wear the bore a little, but evenly and doesnt round off the sharp edges of the rifling. The layed down wax from the bullets also acts as a slight film barrier to further protect it.
Several fine rimfire target rifles come with instructions not to dry fire on spent hulls. This pops off and propels small bits of the primer residue up in front of the chamber and it settles and accumulates in the lower side of the bore. If you fire a bullet through this, the accumulation can be large enough to create a plough effect that does damage the rifling, rather than a lapping effect. Most guys I know who do a lot a dry firing on spent hulls will wad a bit of tissue paper in it to prevent that compound from coming out.
A bowed rod with this residue on it or the sharp connecting edge of a multi piece will only contact small spots and edges of the lands, this can result in deformities or rounding. It can also cause occlusions which don't run in the direction of bullet travel if your working the thing back and forth.
Again, the concept of softer cannot wear harder is fraught with error also. Diamonds are polished with soft cloth. Fabric manufacturing companies constantly replace steel inserts that wear from soft materials running through them. Use a $400 pair of fine hair cutting scissors on paper and see where that gets you with its owner. Stropping steel blades with leather, hardened steel razor edges wearing from your beard etc.... Simple minded physics is often more fraught with error than wives tales.
Again, you are referring to fanciful scenarios far removed from using a clean aluminum rod to run a swab through a bore!!!!
This discussion was never about running millions of feet of fabric through steel guides or stropping steel with leather (usually imbedded with rouge). You have gone off on a wild tangent. Yes, your examples are correct, but irrelevant to the original subject. Except that diamonds are NOT polished with soft cloth. (and I am very familiar with polishing, lapping, and even micro electro polishing, and I have looked at the results of my own various polishing methods under a microscope).
A couple of the examples you give of wear/polishing of sharp edges (razors) wearing are not the result soft material wearing hard material, but of the physical breakdown of the sharp edges. Not the same thing.
As for paper dulling scissors? Most paper has clay in it. The smoother the finish, the more clay. Think that might have something to do with it?
Give me a single credible example of barrel wear from cleaning with a clean aluminum rod. It is NOT simple minded physics, but real science ( as in the explanation of your examples of sharp edges), with real world applications.
Clean aluminum rods damaging barrels are nothing more than wives tales and theoretical scenarios stretched to ludicrous extremes.
And we do have a couple of mid range (BSA International, Anschutz) and a high end (Walther) target rifle. So the questions of cleaning rod damage are relevant, but it's not something I've ever worried about because it just doesn't happen when very basic care is applied.