Calculation for energy (terminal or otherwise, always kinetic) is simple but it looks hard. ONE minute with a $6 brain (mine came from Radio Shack) is all it takes.
1. Know your velocity: with a .303 it is 2440 ft/sec
2. SQUARE that figure (multiply it times itself): 5,953,600 (which looks outrageous)
3. DIVIDE the result by 450240. You get another outrageous figure, in this case something like 13 and a whole bunch of decimals.
4. Now MULTIPLY by the weight of the Bullet (for a .303 Mrk VII Ball it is 174 grains). For a .303 this comes out at almost exactly 2300 ft/lbs ME.
And that is precisely the figure you are looking for.
TERMINAL energy is calculated exactly the same way, just using terminal velocity: V squared divided by 450240, times the mass of the bullet in GRAINS.
The 450240 figure is derived from 2x the constant of Gravity, times 7000 (there are 7000 grains in a Pound). It's pure Newton.
My 1911 Steyr puts a 115-grain slug downrange at a tad over 1300 ft/sec. That is an exercise for you to play with.
It is also scary.
The old ones are fun to play with but none of them were toys.
Do have fun!