Some rifles can be dry fired without issue. For example, according to the article "Will Dry Firing Damage Rimfire Guns" in
American Hunter, July 8, 2011, Ruger says dry firing the 10/22 doesn't cause damage, so too for Henry Repeating Arms, while Smith & Wesson says dry firing can damage rimfires and Browning says the practice won't damage its newer guns. Anschutz says not to do it and for those who want to dry fire train with their Anschutz rifles can use a special dry fire pin. Apparently many Anschutz rimfires with dry firing damage come from countries such as Japan and China where actual shooting is less frequent due to a paucity of ranges. (This is from h t t p s ://www.americanhunter.org/articles/2011/7/8/will-dry-firing-damage-rimfire-guns/ )
The general problem can be two-fold. First, it is a problem
if the firing pin repeatedly strikes the barrel or chamber face instead of the rim of the cartridge, it can peen the firing pin leading to misfires and over time it could damage the breechface itself. Many rimfires, however, are designed to ensure that the tip of the firing pin never actually reaches the barrel/chamber, stopping just short of it. When everything is working and the firing pin design works as it should, this is fine. But a second problem potentially arises. Even though the tip stops short of hitting breechface, the firing pin can still be damaged or broken as a result of the shoulder of the firing pin repeatedly slamming into the metal stop inside the bolt itself.
Will occasional dry firing cause damage? No, it won't unless your rifle has a cone breech that relatively easily damaged. For breeches that do have firing pin damage there is a chamber ironing tool that can help mitigate damage. I don't dry fire my rifles. Sometimes when using a repeater I have miscounted the number of shots and dry fired, but I don't loose sleep over that.
My own view is that if dry firing is intentional, the best practice is to use something to absorb the blow of the firing pin. Some shooters use empty casings (but they look an awful lot like they could be live rounds when they are in the chamber). There are purpose made snap caps available in .22LR, but the least expensive and still very effective alternative are the yellow dry wall anchors. They even extract much like casings. I use these whenever I purposely dry fire. I feel it's better to follow such a practice, just to be safe. I don't think I'd jump at buying a rimfire that was advertised as having been dry fired all the time without such provision, even if it was a 10/22.
