There were huge amounts of national pride mixed up with the arms business for many years. Still would be, but for the huge alliance systems which have been built up, all using compatible (generally identical) equipment.
It was a HUGE p*ssing contest: "My rifle is better than yours, my ammo is better than yours, so THERE, you disgusting little puke!"
Look at what REALLY went on. Sure, half of the whole world used Mausers but nearly all of them were in one of THREE calibres: 7x57, 7.65x54, 7.9x57. Of these, the 7.9x57 variety was used by the Cherman Empire alone, leaving TWO calibres to be shared by Argentina, Chile, Turkey, Austria, Paraguay, Uruguay, Mexico, Costa Rica, Spain, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Belgium, China, Serbia, Colombia, Peru and likely others. They all used either 7x57 or 7.65x54..... but most of them had DIFFERENT LOADS so they could say that theirs were better than the other guys'....... even though the ammo all came out of Karlsruhe and it all had "DM-K" stamped on the heads!
Really, when you look at it, once the Waffenprufskommission had designed the 7.9x57 and Major Rubin had come up with the .303 and the 7.5x55 which bears his name, there was no real REASON for further cartridge development, with the possible exception of the 7x57. Everything since then has been superfluous and all of those national calibres, each and every one vastly superior to ALL of the others, either were from an isolated idea of what was better.... or strictly for show. Just look at the family of 6.5mm rounds: Japan had the smallest (6.5x50SR) and it was the best. Italy went one better with the 6.5x52MC and it was the best. Greece beat this with the BIGGER 6.5x54MS and IT was the best, even though it packed 100 ft/sec LESS MV than the Italian. Sweden and Norway shared the 6.5x55 and likely it WAS the best (certainly looks that way on most targets, anyway). But PORTUGAL beat them with a 6.5x58 AND their own RIFLE!!!!!
Same thing in rifles. Half the world used Mausers, but all under different names or designations. Italy had the Carcano: a modified Mauser. Japan had the Arisaka: a modified Mauser. Portugal had their own ammunition and their own rifle, the Vergueiro, thus proving once and for all that they were in the big leagues, too.... but better than half of the parts in their Vergueiro were standard Mauser parts.
Just before the turn of the Century, both Britain and the USA had had their butts handed to them on silver platters, each one by Mauser rifles in 7x57, the Yanks by the Spanish, the Brits by the Boers. BOTH COUNTRIES IMMEDIATELY BEGAN DESIGNING A MODERN RIFLE, BASED ON THE MAUSER DESIGN, TO BEAT THE MAUSERS WHICH THEY HAD FOUGHT AGAINST.
The British designed the Pattern 1913 rifle, a tremendously beefed-up Mauser to use a high-intensity cartridge inspired by the Canadian .280 Ross. It was a BETTER MAUSER with which to BEAT MAUSERS. While still in its Trial stages, the Great War broke out and this fine new rifle was modified to handle existing .303" ammunition and a couple of million were manufactured in the USA.
The USA essentially STOLE the very latest Mauser design, the 1898 model, modified it in rather silly ways to make it THEIRS (moving the Third Lug to the side of the bolt and making it 6 times as big as necessary and weakening the rear receiver ring) and then sighted the thing for a point-blank range of 547 yards. And they stretched the German 57mm case another quarter-inch and necked it to their beloved .30" calibre and ran it at 10,000 pounds higher pressure.... even though its actual performance was LESS than that of the German 1904 loading. Paul Mauser became rather incensed at this atrocity, sued for patent infringement and took home a hundredweight or so of gold coin.
THEN came the Great War. The US manufactured the British "Enfield" rifle on contract for Great Britain, then modified the design when the USA entered the War. Two thirds of all American troops to serve overseas during the Great War carried the US version of the BRITISH Mauser clone, which was called the ENFIELD rifle.
The OTHER third of American troops carried the AMERICAN Mauser clone, which was called the SPRINGFIELD rifle.
And just EVERYBODY KNOWS that a product of the US National Armory at Springfield absolutely MUST be the Finest Rifle That It Is Possible To Build.
Pure unreasoning, unthinking nationalism.
And THAT is why Askins and so many others HATED the P-17: it wasn't AMERICAN enough, even though it quite likely was the single best rifle of the Great War. IF it had been called a SPRINGFIELD. it WOULD have been "the best rifle ever constructed, anywhere, any time"! And you can bet your bottom dollar on that.
But no dyed-in-the-wool American of that time could possibly tolerate the idea of AMERICA adopting a BRITISH design over a native AMERICAN design ....... even if both designs were stolen from Paul Mauser.
Canadians have never had that trouble. We have used Rosses and we have happily used Lee-Enfields for over a century. But then (insert drum roll and trumpet fanfare here) JAMES PARIS LEE was raised CANADIAN!
And everybody remembers that part.... except us.
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