First , if you look at the bolt and barrel extention on AR and bolt on let say a 2 lug ( Winchester , Remington ) , 3 lug ( Tikka, Sako, Browning A bolt etc ) I don't think you can say that the Bolt action does not have sufficient shear strength to handle additional pressure of 5.56 ( about 62K psi ) vs Saami ( about 55k psi ) . We know this because there are lots of non Weatherby chambered rifles chambered in the Wby magnums which run at 65k to 70k psi !
One of the big differences between the two chambers can be seen below
http://www.combatsimulations.com/ar15/manuals/223vs556.pdf
Although the . 025" additional freebore doesn't seem like much, but it makes a signficant difference. This is the trick Weatherby uses to allow very high chamber pressures. If you take a Weatherby and set the barrel back and rechamber without freebore , you will see significant spike in pressure. For example, my MkV in 257Wby ( kills deer like lightning ) loads , if used in my buddies 257 ( had freebore removed ) will actually flow brass into ejector hole !
I have fired lots of 5.56 in my Remington 700 chambered in 223 and have not experienced any hard bolt lift, brass flow in ejector etc
Having said that, my buddy has a H&R Handi rifle 223 ( break open action ) , and if you shoot 5.56 in that it locks up action well, and when you managed to get it open, it typically causes extractor to slip off case head, resulting in stuck case
So yes, I have seen real work instances its not a good idea to fire 5.56 in 223