The .276 Pedersen round was an experimental 7 mm cartridge developed for John Pedersen's Pedersen rifle, a competitor to the M1 Garand Rifle (neither are technically related to the Pedersen device).
Developed in 1923 by the United States, it was intended to replace the .30-06 Springfield in new semiautomatic rifles and machine guns. When first recommended for adoption, M1 Garand rifles were chambered for the .276 Pedersen, which held ten rounds in its unique en-bloc clips. The .276 Pedersen was a shorter, lighter and lower pressure round than the .30-06, which made the design of an autoloading rifle easier than the long, powerful .30-06. The US Army Chief of Staff Gen. Douglas MacArthur rejected the .276 Pedersen Garand in 1932 after verifying that a .30-06 version was feasible. Because of the factors of Depression era budgets, existing tooling and stockpiles, a caliber change was probably ill advised.