I believe the 30 carbine will kill a deer within it's range limitations, but it would not be my choice. [Each hunter must decide for himself]
That being said, I will not shoot deer with any extremely frangible bullet, regardless of chambering.
One very opinionated poster on this thread insists that energy is wasted if the bullet exits the animal. After a very long hunting career,
and a lot of game animals on the ground from small blacktail deer up to Bison, I do not believe there is any merit in that assertion.
Whether a bullet exits or stays in the animal has virtually no determination of the final outcome, unless the bullet fails to expand at all.
I have never shot a deer with a 300 Win Mag, but I have shot close to 2 dozen with the 308 Norma Magnum, a ballistic twin. Never lost
one, nor had to track one farther than possibly 40 yards. Most have been dead within 10 feet. Not one bullet was recovered from a deer
shot with the 308 NM. Typically, the bullet would have been a 165 or 180 grain Partition. Ranges: 45 to 380 yards.
Nowadays, I have plenty of choices to hunt deer with, but if I was Elk hunting or Moose hunting with one of my 308 NM rifles, and a decent
deer showed up, I would not hesitate for 1 second to shoot that deer, having full confidence that the deer would be recovered easily.
I have shot deer with the 6mm Remington, the 257 Roberts and 257 Weatherby, 260 Rem, 6.5x55 Swede, 264 Win Mag, 270 Winchester, 7x57, 280 Rem.,
7mm Rem Mag, 30-30 Winchester, 300 Savage, 308 Winchester, 30-06, 308 Norma Mag, 303 British, 8x57, 338 Win Mag, 38-55 Winchester and probably others
I cannot recall ATM. All will kill deer just fine. Shot placement is important in every case, of course. Dave.