Better in what terms?
LEs are hardly known for their accuracy potential.
They were issued with broken case extractors because headspace was always an issue. No modern rifle requires a supply of headspace altering bolt head lengths.
The rear locking lugs on the LE are an issue in a number of ways. The biggest being that the action cannot handle higher pressure, larger, longer range cartridges, like both the Rem700 and Mauser 98 can.
The only thing the LE is actually good at is swallowing all kind of iffy quality ammo made to all kinds of different standards, while slathered in dirt. Thats fine, the thing will go BANG when needed.
All things being equal, such as mean diameter bores, good quality ammo, proper bedding etc, the Lee Enfield will hold its own against anything you mentioned that are either off the shelf or issued rifles.
The M16 was hated by troops in Viet Nam, when it was first issued. It had teething problems that got troops killed, such as jamming when least needed, poor extraction, etc. Those issue were overcome and a fine platform came about that was utterly reliable and accurate, even with issue ammo.
As for the strength of the 303 Brit???? I've seen them rebarreled to 308Win, one of which I just finished yesterday, 243 Win, 225Win, 7.62x54r, 7.65x53, 7x57 and Turkey, maybe others, converted many of them to Frankenmausers, chambered for the 8x57 and 7.65x53.
Others have converted them to 223rem and 220 Swift etc.
As said, everything being equal, the design, even with period metals will hold its own against most modern firearms and in some cases, it may even be better in contentious issues.
India made up No1 rifles, supposedly of inferior strength to the No4, chambered for the 7.62x51 Nato and issued them for a couple of decades.
The only real issue with Lee Enfields is the way they are bedded, but even that can be overcome with a bit of effort.