Most popular powders: Varget, Reloder 15, IMR 4064, 4320 and 4895, Vihtavuori N140 and N540, H414 and BLC(2).
I've also had excellent results with 50 grains of IMR 4350 and a 165-grain bullet. It's a ##### getting all that coarse powder into a .308 case, however, but the load is quite moderate, and it gives good velocity.
For sheer velocity, though, I think Vihtavuori N550 is hard to beat. It's pricey and hard to get, but it gives insane velocities and excellent accuracy.
If you go with Varget, Reloder 15, 4064 or N140, most people find something between 44 and 46 grains to be the best, depending upon the powders and rifle.